B-001-001 – Radio Licences, Applicability, Eligibility of Licence Holder

Introduction

Before anyone can transmit on the amateur bands in Canada, there must be a legal foundation that grants this privilege. Understanding where that authority comes from, who enforces it, and how amateur radio is formally defined is essential for every operator. These rules ensure amateur radio is consistent, fair, and safely managed across the country.

Foundations of Authority

The Canadian government has set down the legal basis for all radio services. The central law that gives the power to create and enforce amateur radio licensing rules is the Radiocommunication Act. This Act provides the authority for both the issuance of licences and the creation of supporting regulations. By anchoring amateur radio in federal law, it ensures that the service is recognized nationwide and harmonized with international agreements.

(Questions: B-001-001-001, B-001-001-002)

Who Administers Amateur Radio

While the Act sets the foundation, a government department must carry out these responsibilities. In Canada, it is Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED) that oversees amateur radio. ISED manages examinations, issues operator certificates, and ensures compliance with regulations. By centralizing administration under one department, Canadian amateurs benefit from consistency and a clear point of contact for licensing matters.

(Question: B-001-001-003)

Defining Amateur Radio in Canada

Beyond authority and administration, there must be a clear definition of what amateur radio actually is. That definition is provided in the Radiocommunication Regulations. These regulations outline who can operate, under what conditions, and what amateur radio service means in Canada. By formalizing this definition, the government ensures that amateur operations remain distinct from commercial or other radio services, preserving the hobby and its privileges.

(Question: B-001-001-004)

Key Takeaway

Amateur radio in Canada is legally grounded in the Radiocommunication Act, administered by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, and formally defined in the Radiocommunication Regulations. Together, these establish the framework that makes amateur radio operation possible.

B-001-002 – Licence Fee, Term, Posting Requirements, Change of Address

Introduction

Every amateur in Canada must not only earn their certificate but also understand the responsibilities that come with holding it. This includes knowing how long the certificate is valid, what to do when addresses change, and where the document must be kept. By following these rules, operators stay in good standing with regulators and avoid unnecessary penalties.

Licence Term and Validity

An Amateur Radio Operator Certificate is not something that needs constant renewal. Once earned, it is valid for life. This makes amateur licensing unique compared to many other services, where renewals are required every few years. Knowing this helps operators focus on developing their skills rather than worrying about recurring paperwork.

(Question: B-001-002-002)

Change of Address and Notifications

When an operator moves, the government must be informed so that records stay up to date. Within 30 days of a mailing address change, the requirement is to Inform Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada. Even if the change seems minor, such as moving within the same town, it still matters. Whenever a change of address occurs, the rule is clear: you must notify Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada. Keeping this information current ensures that official notices and licensing updates always reach the operator.

(Questions: B-001-002-001, B-001-002-003)

Certificate Posting and Retention

The certificate is more than a piece of paper; it proves the operator is qualified. It must always be accessible where the station is operated. Specifically, it must be retained at the station. If for some reason it is not kept there, then it must instead be retained at the address provided to Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada. This ensures that authorities can verify licensing compliance quickly if needed.

(Questions: B-001-002-004, B-001-002-007)

Fees and Timeframes

Unlike many other licences, there is no cost involved. The Amateur Radio Operator Certificate is issued Free when first obtained, and remains Free throughout its validity. If requested by a radio inspector, the operator has 48 hours to produce the certificate. After passing the exam, it can take up to 60 days before the certificate is officially issued. These timeframes highlight both the responsibility of the operator and the process followed by the regulator.

(Questions: B-001-002-005, B-001-002-006, B-001-002-008, B-001-002-009)

Key Takeaway

In Canada, the Amateur Radio Operator Certificate is valid for life, must be reported to ISED after any address change, kept either at the station or the registered address, costs nothing to obtain or maintain, and follows strict timelines for inspection and issuance.

B-001-003 – Licence Suspension or Revocation, Powers of Radio Inspectors, Offences and Punishments

Introduction

Holding an Amateur Radio Operator Certificate comes with legal responsibilities. Operators must follow clear rules, or risk penalties ranging from fines to the loss of their certificate. Canadian law sets out what is prohibited, how offences are punished, and what powers radio inspectors hold. Understanding these rules is essential for staying compliant and protecting the reputation of amateur radio.

General Offences and Prohibited Acts

Amateur operators are expected to follow high standards of honesty and conduct. Certain actions are prohibited and penalties could be assessed against you if they occur. Among the most serious violations is sending A false or fraudulent message, which undermines the trust and safety of communications. Similarly, Transmitting false information is never permitted under any circumstances. These rules protect both the amateur bands and the public from harmful or misleading transmissions.

(Questions: B-001-003-001, B-001-003-002, B-001-003-007)

Penalties and Punishments

Breaking these rules comes with serious consequences. If an operator commits an offence, they face A fine, not exceeding $5 000, or a prison term not exceeding one year, or both. This penalty applies across a range of offences and emphasizes how seriously the law views compliance. By applying both financial and custodial penalties, the system ensures accountability and deterrence for any operator tempted to misuse their privileges.

(Questions: B-001-003-003, B-001-003-008)

Legal Authority and Licence Revocation

The power to suspend or revoke a licence comes from The Radiocommunication Act. This Act not only authorizes licensing but also establishes consequences for violations. In some situations, licences may be suspended with no notice, or opportunity to make representations, meaning the action can take effect immediately. This provision ensures that when urgent risks arise, regulators can act quickly to protect the spectrum and the public.

(Questions: B-001-003-004, B-001-003-005)

Powers of Radio Inspectors

Radio inspectors have wide-ranging powers to ensure compliance. For example, A radio inspector may enter a dwelling without the consent of the occupant and without a warrant under specific legal authority. This power underscores the seriousness of amateur licensing and the expectation that stations must always operate lawfully. Inspectors act as guardians of the airwaves, with the ability to intervene when necessary to prevent interference or misuse.

(Question: B-001-003-006)

Key Takeaway

Canadian amateurs must follow strict rules: prohibited acts such as false messages can lead to fines or imprisonment, licences may be suspended under the Radiocommunication Act without notice, and inspectors have the authority to enforce compliance. Responsible operation protects both the operator and the wider amateur community.

B-001-004 – Operator Certificates, Applicability, Eligibility, Equivalents, and Recognition

Introduction

The Amateur Radio Operator Certificate is the key to joining the amateur service in Canada. To earn and use this certificate, operators must meet certain eligibility requirements, understand the scope of the certificate, and know how recognition of qualifications works. By learning these basics, every operator can see the path from first licence to advanced qualifications.

Eligibility Requirements

Canada makes amateur radio widely accessible. Unlike many services that restrict licences by age, in amateur radio There are no age limits. This means anyone, young or old, can qualify if they pass the exam. In addition, applicants must Have a valid address in Canada, ensuring they are reachable for official correspondence. Together, these rules make the service both inclusive and properly accountable.

(Questions: B-001-004-001, B-001-004-007)

Certificate Types and Applicability

The first step into amateur radio is earning the Basic Qualification. This certificate is required for all operators in Canada and provides access to the majority of amateur privileges. It is important to remember that amateur certificates are unique: they apply only to amateur radio, and No other service. This prevents overlap with commercial or professional communications, keeping amateur radio clearly defined as a non-commercial service.

(Questions: B-001-004-002, B-001-004-006)

Recognition and Equivalency

Some qualifications from other services are recognized in Canada. One example is the Canadian Radiocommunication Operator General Certificate with Maritime Qualification, which is treated as an equivalent. This recognition makes it easier for people with maritime training to join amateur radio. Similarly, the certificate system supports specific endorsements: for instance, demonstrating Morse proficiency at 5 wpm earns a CW qualification. These provisions allow different paths into the amateur service while maintaining standards.

(Questions: B-001-004-003, B-001-004-005)

Order of Qualification

As operators progress, they may seek additional endorsements or qualifications. The good news is that these can be taken in any order. Whether a candidate wants to focus on Morse first, then Advanced, or the other way around, the sequence does not matter. This flexibility helps operators shape their learning path to fit personal goals and interests.

(Question: B-001-004-004)

Key Takeaway

The Amateur Radio Operator Certificate in Canada has no age limits, requires a valid Canadian address, begins with the Basic Qualification, applies only to amateur service, recognizes certain equivalents, allows Morse qualification at 5 wpm, and permits endorsements to be earned in any order.

B-001-005 – Operation, Repair and Maintenance of Radio Apparatus on Behalf of Other Persons

Introduction

Amateur radio stations are personal in nature, but there are times when one operator may be asked to operate or maintain a station for someone else. Canadian regulations allow this under specific conditions, and knowing these rules prevents unlicensed or unauthorized operation. These safeguards ensure that only qualified individuals are responsible for transmitting on the amateur bands.

Operating for Another Person

You may be asked to operate someone else’s station, but the law sets clear boundaries. Operation is only permitted If the other person holds an authorization for radio apparatus in the amateur radio service. In other words, the station itself must be properly licensed. More specifically, you may transmit on another’s behalf only if the other person is the holder of a valid radio authorization. This ensures that the equipment you are using is part of a legitimate amateur station.

(Questions: B-001-005-001, B-001-005-004)

Operating on Behalf of Certificate Holders

In addition to the station being authorized, the person you are assisting must also hold the proper qualification. You may operate on their behalf Only if the other person holds an Amateur Radio Operator Certificate with Basic Qualification. This rule guarantees that responsibility always lies with someone who has demonstrated knowledge of amateur radio regulations and practices.

(Question: B-001-005-002)

Shared Responsibility in Operation or Maintenance

Some situations go beyond operating for another person and involve shared use, repair, or maintenance. In these cases, the requirement is clear: Both you and the other person must hold Amateur Radio Operator Certificates. This ensures that all individuals directly involved are properly qualified. Whether the task is operating, repairing, or maintaining equipment, responsibility cannot fall to someone without certification.

(Questions: B-001-005-003, B-001-005-005, B-001-005-006)

Key Takeaway

Operating, repairing, or maintaining amateur equipment on behalf of another person is only allowed if the station and the individual both hold proper authorizations, and in many cases, Both you and the other person must hold Amateur Radio Operator Certificates. These rules ensure that responsibility for transmissions always rests with qualified operators.

B-001-006 – Operation of Radio Apparatus, Terms of Licence, Applicable Standards, Exempt Apparatus

Introduction

Operating amateur equipment in Canada comes with strict conditions. These rules specify who must supervise stations, what standards apply, and when apparatus may be exempt. By understanding these terms, operators avoid improper use of radios and keep amateur radio clearly distinct from other services.

Supervision of Operation

Any station used by someone who does not yet hold a certificate must be under the supervision of a person holding an Amateur Radio Operator Certificate. This rule ensures that only qualified individuals are responsible for transmissions. Supervision maintains accountability while still allowing learners and guests to gain experience under guidance.

(Question: B-001-006-001)

Terms of Licence and Comparable Stations

Amateur licences are granted within a framework that extends across other regulated services. For example, amateur stations are considered alongside stations operated under similar authorizations, which ensures consistent treatment across multiple radio services. However, amateurs are explicitly barred from operating on certain frequencies: transmissions are not permitted on aeronautical, marine or land mobile frequencies. These restrictions prevent interference with critical safety and commercial communications.

(Questions: B-001-006-002, B-001-006-005)

Applicable Standards and Restrictions

Not everything is allowed, even within the amateur service. Some activities are explicitly prohibited; if asked about transmitting outside the permitted scope, the answer is simple: This is not permitted. Likewise, amateur equipment cannot be used in the aviation service—Never, amateur radio equipment is not certified for use in the aviation service. These rules keep amateur radio distinct and prevent unsafe or illegal use of equipment in sensitive environments.

(Questions: B-001-006-003, B-001-006-004)

Exempt Apparatus

There are times when equipment is exempt from amateur certification rules. This occurs when The radio is certified and licensed for use in another service. For example, a handheld certified for land mobile service is not treated as an amateur station. These exemptions highlight the importance of equipment type approval and licensing across Canada’s regulated services.

(Question: B-001-006-006)

Key Takeaway

Canadian amateurs must ensure stations are supervised by certified operators, respect terms of licence, never use amateur gear in restricted services like aviation, and recognize that only radios certified for another service are exempt.

B-001-007 – Content Restrictions: Non-Superfluous, Profanity, Secret Code, Music, Non-Commercial

Introduction

While amateur radio encourages experimentation and communication, there are clear limits on what may be transmitted. These restrictions protect the bands from misuse, maintain a professional standard, and ensure the service remains non-commercial and educational. Understanding what content is prohibited helps amateurs keep transmissions lawful and appropriate.

Non-Commercial and Public Broadcast Restrictions

Amateur radio is strictly non-commercial. Using the airwaves for Business planning is prohibited, as the bands are reserved for personal and experimental use. Similarly, amateur stations cannot be used for Broadcasts intended for the general public. These restrictions keep amateur radio distinct from commercial or broadcast services, focusing instead on learning, self-training, and emergency support.

(Questions: B-001-007-001, B-001-007-004)

Music and Bulletin Rules

Entertainment content has no place in amateur transmissions. An amateur radio operator may never broadcast music, as it would conflict with commercial and copyright concerns. However, amateurs are allowed to provide useful information to fellow operators. For example, An amateur radio operator may conduct occasional broadcasts of information bulletins, such as contest details or propagation updates. This balance ensures the service remains practical without turning into a broadcast medium.

(Questions: B-001-007-002, B-001-007-003)

Published and Encoded Content

Amateur operators often share information, but it must be open and transparent. Material can be transmitted When it is published in the public domain, ensuring all operators can access and verify the content. Encoding and ciphers are restricted, permitted Only when the encoding or cipher is not secret. Similarly, They may be used if the signals or codes are not secret, such as standard propagation codes or open telemetry. This prevents amateurs from hiding content, keeping the service transparent and accessible to all.

(Questions: B-001-007-005, B-001-007-006, B-001-007-007)

Profanity and Background Audio

Professional conduct is expected at all times on the air. Offensive language is not permitted during amateur transmissions, preserving a respectful environment. Operators are also reminded to Turn down the volume of background audio, avoiding unintentional broadcast of music, profanity, or household noise. These small but important details maintain clarity and professionalism.

(Questions: B-001-007-008, B-001-007-009)

Codes and Prohibited Content

Amateurs use a variety of standard codes to communicate efficiently. For instance, Q codes are widely accepted as shorthand for common phrases. However, certain content crosses the line—transmissions that include profanity or other objectionable material are not permitted under any circumstance. These limits ensure the service stays clean, useful, and in line with its international obligations.

(Questions: B-001-007-010, B-001-007-011)

Key Takeaway

Amateur radio content must remain non-commercial, respectful, transparent, and free from music, secret codes, or prohibited material. By following these rules, operators preserve the amateur bands as a space for learning, communication, and public service.

B-001-008 – Installation and Operating Restrictions: Number of Stations, Repeaters, Home-Built, Club Stations

Introduction

Amateur radio in Canada offers operators wide flexibility in where and how they may operate, but these privileges come with clear conditions. Rules govern the ability to operate across the country, establish special stations like beacons, build equipment, and manage repeaters or club stations. These safeguards ensure the amateur service remains orderly, safe, and aligned with national standards, while still encouraging experimentation and participation.

Operating Across Canada

One of the most important privileges of holding an Amateur Radio Operator Certificate is that it authorizes operation Anywhere in Canada. This means that a certificate is not tied to a single province, city, or address. Whether operating at a home station, running portable gear in the field, or setting up a mobile unit while travelling, the authority extends nationwide. This flexibility allows amateurs to take their hobby wherever they go without applying for additional permits or authorizations.

(Question: B-001-008-001)

Special Station Types

Beyond ordinary stations, amateurs may also establish special-purpose stations. The best example is the Beacon station, which continuously transmits signals to support propagation studies. These stations are valuable for other amateurs and researchers, providing real-time data on band conditions. Because they operate continuously, beacons are carefully regulated to prevent interference, but when properly managed they serve the entire community.

(Question: B-001-008-002)

Home-Built Equipment

Building equipment has always been part of the amateur tradition, but regulations set boundaries on what level of construction is allowed at each qualification. With a Basic certificate, operators may build and operate transmitters assembled from commercially available kits. Kits are designed to meet technical and safety requirements, providing an entry-level way to explore construction. Scratch-building entirely from raw components, however, requires the Advanced qualification due to the greater risks and technical complexity. This ensures safety while still encouraging hands-on learning.

(Question: B-001-008-003)

Repeaters and Club Stations

Repeaters and club stations play a central role in connecting amateur communities. These installations often require more technical oversight and responsibility, which is why they generally require Basic and Advanced qualifications to install and manage. Advanced privileges cover the added complexity of higher power, frequency coordination, and broader community impact. At the same time, amateurs with Basic certificates are not excluded—they may still contribute to club operations, particularly in operating roles. This division ensures that community infrastructure is built and maintained by those with the knowledge to do so safely, while newer operators can still participate.

(Questions: B-001-008-004, B-001-008-005, B-001-008-006, B-001-008-007, B-001-008-008)

Key Takeaway

Canadian amateurs may operate Anywhere in Canada, establish special-purpose Beacon stations, build transmitters from kits with a Basic certificate, and run repeaters or club stations with either Basic or Basic and Advanced qualifications depending on the responsibility involved. These rules provide flexibility for all operators while maintaining technical standards and public safety.

B-001-009 – Participation in Communications by Visitors, Use of Station by Others

Introduction

Amateur radio is built on trust, responsibility, and shared use of the spectrum. While stations are generally operated by their licensed owners, the rules do allow for visitors and other qualified amateurs to participate under certain conditions. These regulations ensure that every transmission remains accountable and lawful, no matter who is at the microphone.

Responsibility for Station Operation

Control of a station is a serious responsibility, and accountability is always shared. In fact, it rests with Both the control operator and the station owner. This means that the person running the radio and the person who holds the licence for the station are equally responsible for lawful operation. If two amateurs are operating together, responsibility lies with Both of you. Ultimately, You are responsible for the operation of the station at all times, whether you are directly transmitting or supervising someone else.

(Questions: B-001-009-001, B-001-009-002, B-001-009-003)

Who May Operate a Station

Stations may be shared with others, but only within limits. The rules state that operation may be entrusted to Any qualified amateur radio operator chosen by the station licensee. This ensures that only trained and certified individuals take control. For international visitors, the expectation is the same—They must hold suitable amateur radio qualifications issued by their government. This approach respects international standards while maintaining accountability within Canada.

(Questions: B-001-009-004, B-001-009-007)

Conditions of Station Use

Even when responsibility is shared, the rules set clear conditions for when and where control must be exercised. Accountability applies Whenever the station is transmitting—there is never a moment when a signal goes out without someone being responsible. Additionally, proper operation must always be controlled At the station’s control point, where the equipment is managed and supervised. These requirements ensure constant oversight of amateur transmissions.

(Questions: B-001-009-005, B-001-009-006)

Supervised Operation by Visitors or Others

Amateur radio also welcomes non-amateurs under controlled conditions. For example, you may permit any person to operate the station under your supervision. This is a valuable way to introduce newcomers to the hobby, whether during a club demonstration or a public event. However, the rule is clear: supervision must always be present, meaning this is only allowed When the person is under supervision, and in the presence of the control operator. This ensures accountability and prevents unauthorized or improper use.

(Questions: B-001-009-008, B-001-009-009)

Key Takeaway

Responsibility for amateur stations in Canada always rests with licensed operators. Visitors or other amateurs may operate only if they are qualified or directly supervised, and every transmission must remain under the control of a certified operator at the station’s control point.

B-001-010 – Interference, Determination, Protection from Interference

Introduction

Interference is one of the biggest challenges in radio communication. In amateur radio, operators must understand not only how to avoid causing interference but also what rights and responsibilities they have when it occurs. Canadian regulations define harmful interference, forbid deliberate interference, and explain how amateurs share spectrum with other services. Knowing these rules ensures smooth operation and respect for all spectrum users.

Understanding Interference

The foundation of spectrum management is preventing Harmful interference. This is any transmission that seriously degrades, obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts communication. Amateurs are required to avoid such interference in all cases. In particular, Deliberate interference is never acceptable—intentionally disrupting another station is considered one of the most serious violations in the amateur service. If your operation is found to be causing problems, it is considered Harmful interference, and steps must be taken to correct it immediately.

(Questions: B-001-010-001, B-001-010-002, B-001-010-005)

Rights and Responsibilities on Frequencies

Because the amateur bands are shared among many users, there are rules to prevent disputes. Amateurs may use the bands assigned to them, but Amateur radio operators are allowed to use the frequencies assigned to the amateur service on a no-protection, non-interference basis. This means amateurs must accept interference from primary users and cannot demand exclusive use. Likewise, if two amateur stations are using the same frequency, Both station operators have an equal right to operate on the frequency. Courtesy and cooperation are the only way to resolve such conflicts.

(Questions: B-001-010-003, B-001-010-004)

Authority and Enforcement

When disputes cannot be resolved, Canadian regulators may intervene. If an amateur station is causing trouble, authorities may Order the station’s operation to cease or change. This ensures that spectrum can be quickly protected and that other services are not disrupted. Every operator must be prepared to comply immediately with such orders, as they carry the force of law under the Radiocommunication Act.

(Question: B-001-010-006)

Frequency Allocations and Protections

Some amateur allocations are shared with other services, requiring extra caution. In Canada, amateurs are permitted to use 430.0 MHz to 450.0 MHz, but this range is shared, so careful coordination is essential. Similarly, frequencies in the 902 MHz to 928 MHz range are available to amateurs, but with conditions. Operators may only transmit When the transmission will not cause interference to the radiolocation service, which has primary rights. Once again, 902 MHz to 928 MHz is a shared allocation, meaning amateurs must yield if conflicts occur.

(Questions: B-001-010-007, B-001-010-008, B-001-010-009, B-001-010-010)

Key Takeaway

Amateurs must avoid Harmful interference, never cause deliberate disruption, and accept that their frequencies are often shared on a no-protection basis. Respecting primary users, cooperating with other amateurs, and complying with enforcement orders ensures continued access to the spectrum.

B-001-011 – Emergency Communications (Real or Simulated), Communication with Non-Amateur Stations

Introduction

Amateur radio has long been recognized for its value in emergencies. When normal systems fail, amateurs provide vital backup communication to support public safety, humanitarian response, and community needs. Canadian rules carefully define what amateurs may do in emergencies, when exceptions apply, and how to conduct themselves during real or simulated events.

Communication Limits and Permissions

In normal operation, amateurs may make contacts only with other amateur radio stations, keeping the service distinct from commercial and public-safety users. Even in emergencies, operators are reminded that Using frequencies outside amateur radio bands is not permitted. This ensures amateurs always remain within their designated spectrum, even while supporting urgent needs.

(Questions: B-001-011-001, B-001-011-002)

Responding to Emergencies

If an amateur hears a distress call, action is encouraged. In such cases, you may respond and offer assistance, helping relay or pass critical messages. The most important priority is always radio communications required for the safety of life, which take precedence over all other traffic. To protect lives, operators are permitted to use any means of radiocommunication when necessary. These exceptions apply When your station is directly involved with a distress incident, ensuring that help is provided without delay.

(Questions: B-001-011-003, B-001-011-004, B-001-011-005, B-001-011-010)

Conditions Allowing Emergency Use

Amateurs are expected to step in when official systems cannot handle the load. Emergency operation is justified When normal communication systems are overloaded, damaged or disrupted, such as during natural disasters, major accidents, or infrastructure failures. Operators may also take part During peace time, civil emergencies and exercises authorized by ISED, which allow skills to be tested and readiness improved without waiting for a real crisis.

(Questions: B-001-011-006, B-001-011-009)

Conduct During Emergency Nets

Once an emergency net is activated, discipline is essential. Stations that are directly handling urgent traffic face No limitations, as life-saving messages must flow freely. At the same time, all other operators must Avoid needless transmissions on or near the net frequency. This balance ensures that nets remain clear, organized, and capable of moving priority traffic without interference.

(Questions: B-001-011-007, B-001-011-008)

Key Takeaway

Amateur operators may assist in emergencies, use any means of communication when life is at risk, and support civil emergency exercises, but they must remain within amateur bands and keep nets free from unnecessary transmissions.

Emergency Operations Matrix – Canada

Situation	Basic Only (<80%)	Basic with HF (≥80%)	Advanced	Unlicensed Person
Transmit on HF (Below 30 MHz)	Not allowed – even in emergency	Allowed within HF band limits	Allowed	Never allowed
Transmit on VHF/UHF (Above 30 MHz)	Allowed	Allowed	Allowed	Only under direct supervision
Use of modes not normally used (e.g., CW, digital, SSB)	If within authorized bands	If within authorized bands	If within authorized bands
Maximum transmit power	Limited to 560 W PEP max	Limited to 560 W PEP max	May exceed 560 W PEP in emergency
Contact non-amateur stations (e.g., police, marine, commercial)	Not allowed	Not allowed	Not allowed
Use non-amateur bands (e.g., marine, land mobile)	Never permitted	Never permitted	Never permitted
Respond with unusual message format / plain language	Yes, if life/property at risk	Yes	Yes	Only under supervision if licensed
Transmit emergency traffic (life/property)	Within VHF/UHF bands only	On all licensed bands	On all licensed bands	Unless under direct control
Participate in emergency drills/exercises	Within licensed privileges	Within licensed privileges	Within licensed privileges	Unless supervised

B-001-012 – Non-Remuneration, Privacy of Communications

B-001-012 – Non-Remuneration, Privacy of Communications

Introduction

Amateur radio exists as a service for self-training, technical investigation, and emergency communications, not as a business. For this reason, operators are bound by strict rules regarding compensation and the confidentiality of messages. These regulations protect the hobby’s integrity and ensure that it remains focused on education, experimentation, and public service rather than profit.

Non-Remuneration in Amateur Radio

One of the clearest rules in amateur radio is that No payment of any kind is allowed for transmitting messages. This ensures that amateur bands are never used as substitutes for commercial telecommunications. Allowing payment could easily blur the line between amateur service and professional communications, risking interference, misuse, and loss of spectrum privileges.

The prohibition on payment is absolute. An amateur radio operator may Never, it is expressly prohibited demand or accept compensation for providing radio communications. Even indirect benefits—such as free equipment or services in exchange for operating—are not allowed under Canadian regulations. This safeguard protects both the spectrum and the reputation of the amateur community.

(Questions: B-001-012-001, B-001-012-003)

Privacy of Communications

In addition to avoiding commercial use, amateurs must also respect the confidentiality of transmissions. Messages sent over amateur bands are not private in the same sense as commercial telephone calls, yet the law requires discretion. A radiocommunication can only be shared or repeated if it is transmitted by an amateur radio station. This condition makes clear that amateurs should not handle, forward, or retransmit traffic from outside services unless explicitly authorized.

There is one narrow exception to this privacy rule. The content of a radiocommunication may be disclosed Where it is for the purpose of answering questions from a duly authorized official. For example, if Industry Canada inspectors request details of a message during an investigation, operators are obligated to cooperate. Outside of this specific case, however, disclosing message content is prohibited.

(Questions: B-001-012-002, B-001-012-004)

Key Takeaway

Amateur radio is strictly non-commercial and bound by privacy rules. Operators may not receive payment or compensation for their activities, and message content may not be divulged except to authorized officials. These principles protect the amateur service’s integrity and ensure its continued trust with regulators and the public.

B-001-013 – Station Identification, Call Signs, Prefixes

Introduction

Every transmission on the amateur bands must be tied to a licensed operator. That’s why Canada has clear rules on station identification, including the structure of call signs, when and how to identify, and the language permitted. These requirements make the airwaves orderly and ensure accountability, whether you’re making a casual contact, testing equipment, or operating in an emergency.

Valid Canadian Call Signs and Prefixes

Canadian amateurs are assigned call signs with distinctive prefixes that identify both the country and the operator. For example, VA3RAC is a valid Canadian call sign, instantly recognizable to anyone listening. These unique combinations let stations worldwide know they are hearing a Canadian operator.

The recognized Canadian prefixes are VA, VE, VO or VY, reserved for amateurs across the provinces and territories. These identifiers tie every operator to Canada’s national allocation and link amateur activity here with international frequency coordination.

(Questions: B-001-013-001, B-001-013-011)

Identification Timing Rules

Regulations make sure operators identify themselves at consistent intervals so there is never doubt about who is transmitting. A station must identify at least every thirty minutes, and at the beginning and end of a contact. This way, whether a conversation lasts a few minutes or nearly an hour, other stations always know who is on the air.

The maximum period between identifications is 30 minutes, a strict limit that prevents long stretches of anonymous transmissions. To remove any ambiguity, the rules specify that operators must identify at the beginning and at the end of each contact, and at least every thirty minutes during a contact. Together, these requirements guarantee that no communication goes unidentified.

(Questions: B-001-013-002, B-001-013-006, B-001-013-009)

How to Identify

Station identification is straightforward: you simply give your call sign. This clear and simple method avoids confusion and ensures every transmission can be tied to a particular operator.

Each amateur must take responsibility for their own station. That’s why the rules state that each station must transmit its own call sign, whether operating in a net, talking directly, or during special events. Even in situations where multiple operators share equipment, the expectation remains the same: each station must transmit its own call sign. This keeps accountability firmly in place.

(Questions: B-001-013-003, B-001-013-004, B-001-013-005)

Special Conditions

There are a few specific situations where the rules adjust to fit practical needs. One example is model control. In this case, transmissions may be made without a call sign only to control a model craft, since these short control bursts do not require full identification.

When identification is given, it must be in one of Canada’s official languages—English or French—so that all operators across the country can understand.

Finally, consistency is key. Whether you’re experimenting on air or making a routine contact, the rules are the same for a test or a radio contact. Identification requirements never change, no matter the context.

(Questions: B-001-013-007, B-001-013-008, B-001-013-010)

Key Takeaway

Canadian amateurs must always identify themselves clearly, using valid call sign prefixes and proper timing. By giving their own call sign in English or French and following the thirty-minute rule, operators ensure that every transmission is accountable and that Canada’s amateur service maintains its integrity worldwide.

B-001-014 – Foreign Amateur Operation in Canada, Banned Countries, Third-Party Messages

Introduction

Amateur radio is an international hobby, but it operates under national laws and international agreements. Foreign operators may use Canadian frequencies under specific conditions, while Canadians abroad must respect the rules of other countries. Alongside this, the handling of third-party traffic and recognition of banned countries ensures that communication remains legal, safe, and coordinated worldwide.

Foreign Amateurs Operating in Canada

Foreign amateurs can operate in Canada only if their country has an agreement with Canada and the foreign amateur is qualified. This reciprocity allows international guests to enjoy Canadian airwaves without requiring a new certificate, provided their home administration recognizes Canadian operators in return.

While operating, privileges are limited. Visitors may operate with the level of an Advanced certificate in Canada, which gives them broad spectrum access. However, they must follow Canadian identification rules, including giving their location by city and province when on the air.

In addition, their identification must include the Canadian call sign prefix for the geographical area in which they are operating, so that other stations know where they are transmitting from. This practice ensures clarity and complies with international standards.

(Questions: B-001-014-002, B-001-014-005, B-001-014-009, B-001-014-010)

Restrictions and Banned Countries

Not every country permits amateur communication with Canada. If the country has filed an objection to such communications, Canadian operators must not attempt contact. This rule prevents political or legal conflicts on the amateur bands.

Likewise, some administrations place explicit restrictions on their citizens. If amateur contacts are specifically prohibited by the foreign administration, Canadians must respect that and refrain from making contact. These safeguards ensure that international communication always takes place with mutual agreement.

(Questions: B-001-014-004, B-001-014-007)

Third-Party Communications

Third-party traffic refers to messages passed between two licensed operators on behalf of someone who is not licensed. In Canada, this is permitted because Canada does not prohibit international communications, but there are limits.

Permitted third-party traffic is restricted to only communications of a personal and non-commercial nature. This ensures that the amateur bands are never used as free commercial telecommunication channels.

Finally, Canadian stations may exchange these messages with any other amateur radio station in countries where such exchanges are allowed. This careful framing ensures that traffic is legal and free of commercial influence.

(Questions: B-001-014-003, B-001-014-006, B-001-014-011)

Special Situations

Situations sometimes arise where unlicensed people wish to be involved. For example, if a friend without certification asks you to transmit for them, the rules require you to continue monitoring the communications of your friend, but do not transmit on their behalf. This keeps the airwaves reserved for authorized operators only.

When two uncertified people attempt to use your station, the rule is clear: the transmission may only occur if it involves both non-certified persons under your supervision, and you as the control operator remain responsible. This prevents unauthorized use while still allowing demonstrations or controlled activities.

(Questions: B-001-014-001, B-001-014-008)

Key Takeaway

Foreign operation, banned countries, and third-party traffic rules are designed to keep amateur radio lawful and cooperative worldwide. By respecting agreements, identifying properly, limiting traffic to personal messages, and supervising uncertified participants, Canadian amateurs uphold both national regulations and international goodwill.

B-001-015 – Frequency Bands and Qualification Requirements

Introduction

Amateur radio privileges are linked directly to operator qualifications. The bands you can access and the modes you can use depend on the certificate you hold and, in some cases, the marks you earned on the exam. Beyond qualifications, every operator must also know the actual frequency ranges for each amateur band to ensure lawful and effective operation.

Privileges and Qualifications

Operating privileges are never unlimited; they are always tied to the certificate level achieved. If you are sharing a station or acting as control operator, you are restricted to only the privileges allowed by your qualifications. Even when operating another person’s equipment, your personal certificate determines your access.

The same rule applies when you are the one controlling the station: you may exercise only the privileges allowed by your qualifications, not those of others who might be present.

To earn the right to transmit below 30 MHz, more is required than simply passing the Basic exam. You must attain a mark of 80% on the Basic examination to gain HF privileges. Without this higher pass level, your operating authority is limited.

By default, the Basic certificate grants operating authority on all amateur radio bands above 30 MHz, opening VHF and UHF frequencies to new operators. When expressed in full, this is described as all amateur radio bands above 30 MHz, ensuring a clear boundary between basic privileges and advanced access.

(Questions: B-001-015-001, B-001-015-002, B-001-015-003, B-001-015-004, B-001-015-011)

HF Band Allocations

Knowledge of band edges is fundamental for any operator with HF privileges. The 80-metre band extends from 3.5 MHz to 4.0 MHz, widely used for local and regional communication, especially at night.

The 160-metre band is Canada’s lowest HF allocation, running from 1.8 MHz to 2.0 MHz. Though challenging to use, it is prized for its long-distance potential under the right conditions.

Moving upward, the 40-metre band covers 7.0 MHz to 7.3 MHz. This band is especially popular for international contacts during the day and regional traffic at night.

The well-known 20-metre band extends from 14.000 MHz to 14.350 MHz. It is one of the busiest HF bands worldwide because it supports reliable DX contacts at nearly all times of day.

Higher still, the 15-metre band spans 21.000 MHz to 21.450 MHz, which is excellent for daylight propagation during periods of strong solar activity.

Finally, the 10-metre band runs from 28.000 MHz to 29.700 MHz, a versatile allocation that often supports local FM repeaters and worldwide SSB or CW contacts when conditions are favorable.

(Questions: B-001-015-005, B-001-015-006, B-001-015-007, B-001-015-008, B-001-015-009, B-001-015-010)

Key Takeaway

Operating privileges in amateur radio depend on qualifications: Basic grants VHF and UHF access, while higher exam scores or additional certificates open HF bands. Knowing the exact band edges—such as 3.5–4.0 MHz for 80 metres or 14.000–14.350 MHz for 20 metres—ensures every transmission stays within authorized frequencies and helps operators make the most of Canada’s amateur allocations.

B-001-016 – Maximum Bandwidth by Frequency Bands

 Understanding Bandwidth Limits

Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies a radio signal occupies. In amateur radio, every transmission has a certain bandwidth depending on the mode and modulation being used—voice signals, for instance, use more bandwidth than Morse code. To avoid interference and ensure fair use of the radio spectrum, there are regulatory limits on the bandwidth of signals in specific frequency bands.

 Standard Limits Across the Bands

On some bands operators have more room to work with. For instance, the maximum authorized bandwidth on the 2-metre bands is 30 kHz, which accommodates FM voice transmissions and other wideband modes. The same bandwidth limit applies to the 50–54 MHz range, where 30 kHz is also allowed. These wider bandwidths make these bands suitable for high-fidelity voice or even digital operations.

On HF, however, the restrictions are tighter to conserve space for more operators. In the 28–29.7 MHz portion of the 10-metre band, the maximum transmission bandwidth drops to 20 kHz. Even more restrictive are bands between 7 MHz and 25 MHz—except for one special exception—where the maximum bandwidth is 6 kHz. These narrow limits are in place to prevent congestion and overlap between different stations and modes.

Questions Covered: B-001-016-001 to B-001-016-005

 Where Certain Modes Are Not Allowed

The 30-metre band, from 10.100 MHz to 10.150 MHz, is unique among HF bands. Due to its narrow slice of spectrum and its international shared use, it comes with both a bandwidth cap and a mode restriction. Here, the bandwidth must be less than 6 kHz, and single sideband (SSB) on 10.12 MHz is not allowed. This band is reserved for digital and CW operations, making it unsuitable for wideband voice modes.

Other combinations are prohibited because they don’t match the technical or regulatory purposes of the band. For example, using fast-scan television (ATV) on 145 MHz is not permitted, as this VHF segment is generally allocated for voice, digital, or repeater activity. Similarly, fast-scan television (ATV) on 14.23 MHz is also prohibited, since ATV modes require much more bandwidth than is allowed on HF.

Questions Covered: B-001-016-006, B-001-016-007

 Operating Near Band Edges

A critical skill for any ham is knowing where your signal begins and ends—especially near band edges. Each mode occupies space both above and below its center frequency. That means a signal placed too close to the edge of an amateur band may spill into adjacent non-amateur frequencies, potentially causing unintentional interference. To avoid this, operators must ensure that the entire occupied bandwidth falls within the amateur radio band.

This is especially important when using modes like SSB or digital, which can spread wider than expected. An operator transmitting SSB near the edge of a band may not realize that the upper or lower portion of their signal has crept out of bounds. Careful frequency selection—and sometimes switching to narrower modes like CW—can help avoid violations and maintain good amateur practice.

Questions Covered: B-001-016-008

 Final Transmission

Bandwidth limits in amateur radio ensure fair and interference-free operation across shared spectrum. The 6-metre and 2-metre bands allow a generous maximum of 30 kHz, while the 10-metre band from 28 MHz to 29.7 MHz is limited to 20 kHz. HF bands between 7 MHz and 25 MHz are even narrower, typically restricted to 6 kHz. Special care must be taken on the 10.100 MHz to 10.150 MHz band, where both bandwidth must be under 6 kHz and single sideband (SSB) on 10.12 MHz is prohibited. Operators must also ensure that the entire occupied bandwidth falls within the amateur radio band, especially when operating near band edges. Certain frequency and mode combinations—like fast-scan television (ATV) on 145 MHz or 14.23 MHz—are explicitly not allowed due to their bandwidth demands and potential interference.

B-001-017 – Restrictions on Capacity and Power Output by Qualifications

Transmitting power is one of the most closely regulated aspects of amateur radio. Power limits are not only enforced to reduce interference with other services, but also to promote efficient and responsible operation. Canadian amateur operators must understand how their level of qualification affects the power they are permitted to use—and how those limits vary depending on the frequency band, emission type, and operating mode.

This lesson explores the distinctions between Basic and Advanced qualification privileges, how different power metrics (like PEP, ERP, and DC input) are defined and regulated, and where to verify compliance. By understanding these concepts, operators can transmit confidently while remaining within the legal and technical bounds established by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED).

 Know Your Limits: The Power Guideline for All Operators

Regardless of qualification level, Canadian amateur radio operators are expected to adhere to the principle of restraint. It’s not just about what you’re allowed to use—it’s about what you should use. The minimum legal power necessary to communicate is the guideline that applies universally. This rule helps minimize interference and keeps operations efficient.

Even when higher power is authorized, operators should aim to achieve reliable contact using the least amount of power practical. This reduces RF exposure, preserves the lifespan of your equipment, and demonstrates good amateur practice. Low power doesn’t mean weak signal—it means skillful operating.

Question Covered: B-001-017-001

 Peak Envelope Power (PEP): Maximums Based on Qualification and Frequency

One of the most common modes of operation on HF is single sideband (SSB). Power limits for SSB transmissions depend on both the operator’s qualification and the frequency being used. If you hold an Advanced certificate, you have access to the highest permitted PEP. For single sideband (SSB) operation, the maximum transmitter peak envelope power (PEP) that an amateur radio station may use with Advanced Qualification is 2250 watts. The maximum PEP for an operator with Basic and Morse code qualifications is 560 watts. The same power guidelines apply if the operator holds a Basic Qualification with Honours—the maximum PEP is 560 watts. These power maximums help prevent excessive transmission strength that could cause interference.

Questions Covered: B-001-017-002, B-001-017-004, B-001-017-005

 Effective Radiated and DC Power: Understanding What’s Measured

Once you’ve determined your legal operating power, it’s essential to know where this measurement applies. Compliance isn’t judged by what leaves the antenna—it starts earlier in the signal chain. You must verify that power is NOT exceeded at the output of the transmitter or external amplifier. This ensures that any additional losses or gains from the feedline and antenna system are not part of the legal measurement.

Power can be expressed in different ways depending on the band. For example, on 60 metres, the maximum effective radiated power (ERP), expressed as peak envelope power (PEP), for Advanced operators is 100 watts. This includes antenna gain relative to a half-wave dipole. Similarly, the maximum allowed DC input power to the final RF stage of an amateur transmitter for Advanced operators is 1000 watts on most bands.

Questions Covered: B-001-017-003, B-001-017-006, B-001-017-007

 Basic Qualification? Mind the Lower Caps

While Advanced operators enjoy higher limits, those with Basic qualifications must follow stricter power restrictions. The maximum DC input power to the transmitter final amplifier stage permitted with Basic Qualification, is 250 watts. This still offers plenty of range and flexibility across HF, VHF, and UHF bands, but requires careful tuning and antenna matching to optimize efficiency.

Modes other than SSB are also restricted for Basic operators. Unless you hold an Advanced certificate, the maximum carrier power that may be used on emissions other than SSB is 190 watts. This applies to CW, AM, FM, and digital modes, and is designed to limit continuous-duty transmission levels that could strain systems or disrupt nearby users.

Questions Covered: B-001-017-009, B-001-017-010

 Special Considerations: LF and MF Bands

Operation on the low-frequency bands (630 metres and 2200 metres) involves a different kind of power limit—based on radiated power rather than transmitter output. Because antennas for these bands are larger and inefficient, power limits are expressed as EIRP (equivalent isotropically radiated power), which takes antenna performance into account. Gain becomes the key characteristic that determines compliance.

This means operators must model or measure how much of their input power is actually radiated. Even if your transmitter is running under its limit, a high-gain antenna could push your EIRP beyond legal limits. As a result, compliance on these bands is a blend of electrical and physical planning.

Question Covered: B-001-017-008

 Final Transmission

Every amateur operator in Canada is expected to use the minimum legal power necessary to communicate, regardless of band or license level. For SSB operation, Advanced operators may use up to 2250 watts PEP, while those with Basic + Morse or Basic with Honours are limited to 560 watts on frequencies like 3750 kHz and 7055 kHz. All operators must verify that these limits are not exceeded at the output of the transmitter or external amplifier.

ERP and DC input power are two additional metrics operators must understand. The ERP on 60 metres is limited to 100 watts for Advanced users, and the maximum DC input power allowed for Advanced qualification is 1000 watts on other bands. Basic certificate holders are limited to 250 watts DC input and 190 watts carrier power for non-SSB emissions. On LF and MF bands like 630m, antenna gain must be factored into EIRP limits to ensure regulatory compliance.